As defined in equation (1), the value of the averaged local SAR was calculated as: The specific absorption rate, SAR is designed specifically for the measurement of EM wave radiation absorption in tissues and represents the amount of energy or power deposition per unit normal human tissue. As the SAR of an object is proportional to the object’s temperature, the value can be used to determine the treatment time of the hyperthermia treatment.
Then, as referring to the radiation pattern, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of an object can be calculated as the antenna simulation model can be updated by adding the object model in the simulation. In calculating this time in simulation model, the hyperthermia treatment simulation model can be designed using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. In determine the correct treatment time of the hyperthermia treatment, the antenna’s parameter need to be observed is the radiation pattern. As there are many types of antenna that can be used in producing the EM wave, the treatment time will be difference based on the antenna used. The production of the electromagnet (EM) wave in this treatment is based on antenna’s efficiency used known as hyperthermia applicator. This research work gives more clarity of the analysis of the interactions between biological tissues and microwave radiation, where it is very important in the design and functioning scheme of proposed antennas for microwave hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer. The design of the antenna is one of the known challenges in this approach, particularly when dealing in and near the patient’s body. 9 In the case of different frequencies, a shielded or secure area should be used to avoid obstructions with a group of communications.įuture research is seeking to use this methodology to overcome some of the inherent limitations of radio frequency medical treatment devices. The Federal Communications Commission in the United States, for Industry, Scientific and Medical (ISM) approve 915MHz and 2.45GHz in Europe, 434MHz were mainly affirmed. 8 In hyperthermia, the frequency that emits wavelengths equal to the size of the tumor in the human body that is of the most significant interest however, government regulation influences the selection of frequency. The temperature of the hyperthermia treatment varies from 40 oC to 48 oC, and the heat temperature retained at the treatment area for one hour or more. 1–4 These techniques provide high temperatures, 5–8 potentially causes direct damage to cancer cells compared to chemotherapy treatment with minimal or no harm to normal tissues and therefore this technique applied as an anti-drug for cancer treatment. The phrase 'hyperthermia' refers to several heat treatment procedures used in addition to other therapies.
Keywords : hyperthermia, dipole antenna, SAR, FDTD technique, CST microwave studio IntroductionĪs cancer treatment technique, hyperthermia employs an outside, warm source to increase tissue temperature and slaughter cancer cells or impede their advance growth. The heating pattern from the dipole antenna based on SAR distribution pattern shows that the focus area of the human tissues model, that has been designed using water bolus model has high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value compare to the surrounding area. The result shows that the dipole antenna is deemed to be used as hyperthermia applicator.
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The analysis has been done using simulation model in CST microwave simulation software based on FDTD technique. In this research, the capability of a dipole antenna as hyperthermia applicator has been analyzed. With these values, the time duration of the exposure for the cancer cell will also be different.
Unfortunately, as different antenna design produces different radiation pattern, it will lead to different heating distribution values.
In hyperthermia treatment for cancer, the antenna used as hyperthermia applicator needs to be designed carefully in order to heat the cancer cell without affecting the healthy cell.
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